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Ever
since human civilizations began, people have been curious about the moons that
inhabit the stars and the earth. Centuries of exploration led to
ever-increasing knowledge of astronomy. As a result, much information about the
universe has been revealed by the space probe itself. The Voyager project can
be called an important public mission of this cosmic exploration, which has
been run on the shoulders of philosophers and scientists from time to time.
The main
objectives of the Voyager program are to study the planets Jupiter and Saturn,
Saturn's ring system, and the large moons of those planets.
NASA launched two probes into space under
this project. They are called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. Voyager 2 was launched
from the Kennedy Space Center in the United States on August 20, 1977, and
Voyager 1 was launched on September 5, 1977.
NASA's
Voyager 2 is the second man-made spacecraft to enter interstellar space, and the
only spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune. Moreover, it is also the only
spacecraft that has sent data to Earth that has closely studied all four of the
Solar System's large probes. Voyager 2 had many close-up images of Jupiter that
were directed towards Earth. She started transmitting photos on April 24, 1979.
In the same way, to conduct studies of the atmosphere of Jupiter itself, close
studies of Jupiter's Jovian moons, i.e. the four large moons, were also done.
These are the moons Europa, Io, Callisto, and Ganymede. Scientists especially
focused on the moons Europa and Io. Ever since human civilizations began,
people have been curious about the moons that inhabit the stars and the earth.
Centuries of exploration led to ever-increasing knowledge of astronomy. As a
result, much information about the universe has been revealed by the space
probe itself. The Voyager project can be called an important public mission of
this cosmic exploration, which has been run on the shoulders of philosophers
and scientists from time to time.
The main
objectives of the Voyager program are to study the planets Jupiter and Saturn,
Saturn's ring system, and the large moons of those planets.
NASA launched two probes into space under
this project. They are called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. Voyager 2 was launched
from the Kennedy Space Center in the United States on August 20, 1977, and
Voyager 1 was launched on September 5, 1977.
NASA's
Voyager 2 is the second man-made spacecraft to enter interstellar space, and the
only spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune. Moreover, it is also the only
spacecraft that has sent data to Earth that has closely studied all four of the
Solar System's large probes.
Voyager 2 had many close-up images of Jupiter
that were directed towards Earth. She started transmitting photos on April 24,
1979. In the same way, to conduct studies of the atmosphere of Jupiter itself,
close studies of Jupiter's Jovian moons, i.e. the four large moons, were also
done. These are the moons Europa, Io, Callisto, and Ganymede. Scientists especially
focused on the moons Europa and Io. Voyager 2 made its closest approach to
Jupiter on July 9, 1979. It is 64500 km from Jupiter. Several of the new moons
discovered transmitted new data on light and a large number of images,
especially of its Great Red Spot, to Earth. Voyager 2 had two camera systems, a
narrow-angle, and a wide-angle camera system, to take pictures.
Voyager
2 also studied Saturn closely. The closest approach to Saturn took place on
August 26, 1981. She used radio analyzers to investigate Saturn's upper and
lower atmosphere. The upper atmosphere temperature and pressure were found to
be close to -192 degrees Celsius and 7 kPa respectively. Furthermore, lower
atmospheric temperature and pressure were detected as -130 degrees Celsius and
120 kPa respectively. She also found that the upper atmosphere in the polar
regions is about ten degrees cooler than before. Voyager 2 also discovered that
Saturn's A-ring is perhaps three hundred meters thick. Some of Saturn's moons
are Enceladus, Tethys, and Phoebe.
Voyager
2 also studied Saturn closely. The closest approach to Saturn took place on
August 26, 1981. She used radio analyzers to investigate Saturn's upper and
lower atmosphere. The upper atmosphere temperature and pressure were found to
be close to -192 degrees Celsius and 7 kPa respectively. Furthermore, lower
atmospheric temperature and pressure were detected as -130 degrees Celsius and
120 kPa respectively. She also found that the upper atmosphere in the polar
regions is about ten degrees cooler than before. Voyager 2 also discovered that
Saturn's A-ring is perhaps three hundred meters thick. Some of Saturn's moons
are Enceladus, Tethys, and Phoebe.
Voyager
2 passed Saturn and reached Uranus four years and six months later. Its distant
observations began in November 1985, and Voyager 2 passed by Uranus at 5:59 PM
on January 24, 1986. As far as 81500 km. Voyager 2 discovered a new ring system
of Uranus and ten new moons. Some of them are Puck, Portia, Juliet, Cressida, and
Ophelia. Much information was discovered about Uranus' atmosphere.
Voyager
2's closest encounter with Neptune occurred on August 25, 1989. He flew as
close as 4,800 km and also traveled to one of the four gas giant planets,
becoming the first man-made spacecraft to fly past Neptune. Voyager 2
discovered several of Neptune's moons and four new moons. Proteus, Larissa,
Despina, and Galatea can be introduced as some new moons. Voyager 2, which
explored close to Neptune, discovered that Neptune had an atmosphere and that
its blue color was due to abundant methane gas, with hydrogen being the most
common gas. Neptune gathered information about the Great Dark Spot.
Twelve
years after the Neptune encounter, Voyager 2 successfully ended its approach to
the planet and is on its way out of the solar system. Currently, only four of
Voyager 2's instruments are operational. So the scientists have to shut down
the instruments to protect the power supply of Voyager 2 due to their
malfunctions. Voyager 2 will continue in service until the end of its life.
Both
Voyagers are powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). They
convert heat from decaying plutonium into electrical energy to power the
spacecraft. Here, we can introduce the equipment that is active at present,
such as the plus ma spectrum meter, the energy-charged particle device, the cosmic
ray system, and the TFM- Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer device. Voyager 2 is
moving away from the solar system at a speed of 15 km/s at a distance of 20.3
billion km relative to Earth. She is currently gathering information about the
constellation Pavo to send to Earth.