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For more than 45 years, Voyager 1 has been the only man-made spacecraft that has gone the farthest way to explore the Solar System. Voyager 1 is still on its way to explore the two largest gas planets in the Solar System and collect data from interstellar space.
Voyager 1 discovered a thin ring around Jupiter and its two new moons, Thebes and Mentis, five new moons of Saturn and a new ring called the G-ring.
The probe, which has a mass of 722 kg, uses a multi-radio integral thermoelectric generator for power. It has several instruments for space exploration. Imaging Science System, Ultraviolet Spectrometer, Plasma Spectrometer, Low Energy Charged Particle Experiment Instrument, and Cosmic Scanning Telescope are some of them.
She passed Voyager 2 on December 15, 1977, as scientists chose a faster route, although she traveled later than Voyager 2.
Voyager 1's approach to Jupiter took place in April 1978, and the closest approach to Jupiter was on March 5, 1979. It is 34900 km from Jupiter. Voyager 1 revealed many details about the Jovian moon system, the ring system, its magnetic fields, and the radiative environment. For the first time, Voyager 1 observed volcanic eruptions on a moon without a host planet. It is on the moon Io. 8 volcanoes were shown to eject particles into the atmosphere. Scientists speculated that the Jovian area is rich in sulfur, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide as a result of the fissions that occur on this ion moon. Voyager 1 had discovered a thin ring of about 30 kilometers and 2 new moons by the time it was far from Jupiter. Voyager 1's next mission was to find information about Saturn.
Jupiter's gravity-assisted trajectory enabled Voyager 1 to successfully travel to Saturn. It was able to pass the closest point to Saturn on November 19, 1980, at a distance of 12400 km. In the same way, its upper atmosphere was studied and it was found that only 7% of the upper regions are helium and the rest is hydrogen and the percentage of helium gradually increases in the lower regions. And she found that near Saturn's equator, the airspeed is only 600 meters per second. She also discovered a new ring system with thousands of bands and 5 new moons. The moons Titan, Mimas, Tethys, and Dione were photographed and shown to be composed mostly of water ice. It was also found that 90% of Titan's atmosphere is nitrogen-rich, with a surface temperature of -180 Celsius and a pressure of 1 atm. After exploring Titan, Voyager 1 traveled beyond the Sun's gravitational field into interstellar space in 1989, studying it.
The Golden Record is one of the most fascinating things about Voyager 2. These records are contained in 30cm diameter gold-plated discs. It includes greetings in 55 languages, 35 different sounds of the earth, several songs, and 115 pictures.
By 2024, the spacecraft is moving away from the Solar System at a speed of 17 meters per second, 20 billion kilometers from Earth.
Sources of information; https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record